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Group 15 Elements

General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states, trends in physical and chemical properties; nitrogen preparation properties & uses ; compounds of nitrogen, preparation and properties of ammonia and nitric acid, oxides of nitrogen (Structure only) ; Phosphorus – allotropic forms, compounds of phosphorus: preparation and properties of phosphine, halides PCl3 , PCl5 and oxoacids (elementary idea only).

chemistry 12th class cbse notes

Oxides of Nitrogen

Oxides of nitrogen Nitrogen forms a total of five oxides from +1 oxidation states to +5 oxidation state. The five oxides of nitrogen are N2O,...
chemistry 12th class cbse notes

Dinitrogen – Preparation and Properties

Preparation of Dinitrogen By heating a mixture of NH4Cl and NaNO2. N2 is collected by the downward displacement of water. By treating an...
chemistry 12th class cbse notes

Atomic and Physical Properties of Group 15 Elements

Atomic and Ionic Radii Covalent and ionic (in a particular state) radii increase in size down the group. ...
chemistry 12th class cbse notes

Phosphorus

Phosphorus Phosphorus is an essential constituent of elements and plants. It has many allotropic forms; the important ones are: White phosphorus ...
chemistry 12th class cbse notes

Chemical Properties and Trends in Chemical Reactivity

Chemical Properties and Trends in Chemical Reactivity Like the first member of other groups, Nitrogen differs from the rest of the...
chemistry 12th class cbse notes

Nitric acid- HNO3

Nitric acid Nitric acid is the most important oxoacid formed by nitrogen. It is a colourless liquid. In the gaseous state, HNO3 exists as a...
chemistry 12th class cbse notes

Ammonia – Preparation and Properties

Ammonia Ammonia molecule is trigonal pyramidal with the nitrogen atom at the apex. It has 3 bond pairs and 1 lone pair. N is sp3...
chemistry 12th class cbse notes

Group 15 Elements – Introduction

Group 15 Elements Group 15 includes nitrogen, phosphorus, arsenic, antimony and bismuth. As we go down the group,...
chemistry 12th class cbse notes

Phosphine, Phosphorus Trichloride, Phosphorus pentachloride

Phosphorus forms two types of halides, PX3 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) and PX5 (X = F, Cl, Br). Phosphorus...
chemistry 12th class cbse notes

Oxidation States

Negative and Positive oxidation state: The common oxidation states of these elements are – 3, + 3 and + 5. ...