Total Internal Reflection
Total Internal Reflection
When a ray of light enters from a denser medium to a rarer medium, it bends away from the normal. Therefore, the...
Electric Current
The flow of electric charges through a conductor constitutes an electric current. Quantitatively, the electric current in a conductor across an area held perpendicular...
Oersted’s experiment
Take a magnetic needle NS, which can rotate freely about a vertical axis in a horizontal plane. Hold a conducting wire AB over the...
Bohr Model
Bohr combined classical and early quantum concepts and gave his theory in the form of three postulates. These are:
Bohr’s first...
Faraday’s Laws of Electromagnetic induction
Michael Faraday demonstrated the reverse effect of Oersted experiment. He explained the possibility of producing emf across the ends of a conductor when the...
Lenz’s law of Electromagnetic Induction
Lenz’s law states that the polarity of the induced emf is such that it tends to produce a current which opposes the change in...
Permanent Magnets and Electromagnets
Substances which at room temperature retain their ferromagnetic property for a long period of time are called permanent magnets. Permanent magnets can be made...
Ampere’s Law
The line integral for a closed curve is equal to times the net current I threading through the area bounded by the curve.
Proof:
Force on a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field
Let us consider a conductor PQ of length l and area of cross section A. The conductor is placed in a uniform magnetic field...
Torque on a Bar Magnet Placed in a Uniform Magnetic Field
Consider a bar magnet NS of length 2l and pole strength m placed in a uniform magnetic field of induction B at an angle θ...