Magnetic Properties of Solid

Electrons are charged particles and it generates a magnetic field around itself. The magnetic field arises due to the spinning of electron at its own axis and movement of atomic orbital around nucleus.

Classification of magnetic properties:

Paramagnetism:

• Weakly attracted by magnetic fields.
• Alignment of magnetic dipole in the same direction of magnetic field
• Loose magnetism in absence of magnetic field
• They have unpaired electrons
• Example: Cu²⁺, Fe³⁺

Diamagnetism:

• Weakly repelled by magnetic fields
• Alignment of magnetic dipole in the opposite direction of magnetic field
• They have all the electrons paired
• Example: H₂O, NaCl

Ferromagnetism:

• Strongly attracted by magnetic fields
• Permanently magnetized
• Example: Fe, Co, Ni etc.

Anti-Ferromagnetisms:

• Alignment of magnetic domains(group of metal ions) in the opposite direction of magnetic field
• Strongly repelled by magnetic fields
• Example: MnO

Ferrimagnetisms:

• Weakly attracted by magnetic fields
• Alignment of magnetic domains (group of metal ions) in the parallel and anti-parallel direction with direction of magnetic field and unequal in number.
• Loss magnetic moment on heating.
• Example: Fe₃O₄ (magnetite)