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Hydrocarbons

Classification of Hydrocarbons.
Aliphatic Hydrocarbons:
Alkanes – Nomenclature, isomerism, conformations (ethane only), physical properties, chemical reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation, combustion and pyrolysis.
Alkenes– Nomenclature, structure of double bond (ethene), geometrical isomerism, physical properties, methods of preparation; chemical reactions: addition of hydrogen, halogen, water, hydrogen halides (Markovnikov’s addition and peroxide effect), ozonolysis, oxidation, mechanism of electrophilic addition.
Alkynes – Nomenclature, structure of triple bond (ethyne), physical properties, methods of preparation, chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes, addition reaction of – hydrogen, halogens, hydrogen halides and water.
Aromatic hydrocarbons – Introduction, IUPAC nomenclature; Benzene: resonance, aromaticity ; chemical properties: mechanism of electrophilic substitution – nitration sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel Craft’s alkylation and acylation; directive influence of functional group in mono-substituted benzene; carcinogenicity and toxicity.

11th Chemistry NCERT notes

Aromatic Hydrocarbons

These hydrocarbons are also known as ‘arenes’. Since most of them possess pleasant odour (Greek; aroma meaning pleasant smelling), the...
11th Chemistry NCERT notes

Alkynes

Unsaturated hydrocarbon which have triple bond. General molecular formular CnH2n-2 sp hybridization ...
11th Chemistry NCERT notes

Alkenes

Alkenes are characterized by the presence of a double bond between two carbon atoms. Alkenes have the...
11th Chemistry NCERT notes

Alkanes

General formula: CnH2n+2 Each carbon atom of alkane is sp3 hybridized and its shape is tetrahedral. ...
11th Chemistry NCERT notes

Classification of Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbon are the organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only, e.g., alkane, alkene and alkynes. Classification of Hydrocarbons