Alkanes
General formula: CnH2n+2
Each carbon atom of alkane is sp3 hybridized and its shape is tetrahedral.
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Classification of Hydrocarbons
Hydrocarbon are the organic compounds containing carbon and hydrogen only, e.g., alkane, alkene and alkynes.
Classification of Hydrocarbons
Quantitative Analysis
Nitrogen:
There are two methods for estimation of nitrogen: (i) Dumas method and (ii) Kjeldahl’s method.
Dumas Method:
A known mass of organic compound is heated with...
Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds
Detection of Carbon and hydrogen: Put Copper Oxide Test
Carbon and hydrogen are detected by heating the compound with copper (II) oxide. Carbon present in...
Electromeric Effect (E effect)
The electrom’eric effect refers to the polarity produced in a multiple bonded compound when it is attacked by a reagent when a double or...
Resonance Structure & Resonance Effect
Resonance Structure
A number of organic compounds cannot be accurately represented by one structure. For example, benzene is ordinarily represented as
This structure has three C-C...
Electron Displacement Effects in Covalent Bonds
Electronic displacements in covalent bonds occurs due to the presence of an atom or group of different electronegativity or under the influence of some...
Fundamental Concepts in Organic Reaction Mechanism
In an organic reaction, the organic molecule (also referred as a substrate) reacts with an appropriate attacking reagent and leads to the formation of...
Isomerism & Stereoisomerism
Isomerism
The phenomenon of existence of two or more compounds possessing the same molecular formula but different properties is known as isomerism.
Structural Isomerism:
Compounds having the...
Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
Trivial System
It is the oldest system in which names are derived from source or some property. These are mainly derived from Latin or Greek...